Bruno Hofstetter is a graduate in electrical engineering and has worked at the Swiss Federal Office for Customs and Border Security (FOCBS) for 25 years, specialising in road charging systems. As a systems architect, he was responsible for defining and implementing the second and third generations of Switzerland’s LSVA/HVC toll collection system, including its opening to EETS. He has contributed to EU interoperability projects since the first Interoperability Directive in 2004 and has supported the development of EETS through the EETS Facilitation Platform since its establishment. His experience spans system architecture, interoperability and the future development of road charging.